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  • Title: The accuracy of sex identification in European skeletal remains using the phenice characters.
    Author: MacLaughlin SM, Bruce MF.
    Journal: J Forensic Sci; 1990 Nov; 35(6):1384-92. PubMed ID: 2262774.
    Abstract:
    Three documented European skeletal series were examined to assess the accuracy and reliability of the pubic variables described by Phenice for correctly identifying the sex of adult human skeletal remains. The accuracy and objectivity of these variables, as reported by Phenice, Kelley, Sutherland and Suchey, and Lovell, could not be confirmed on this European material. In general, the subpubic concavity feature, when used alone, proved to be the most reliable variable for sex identification. In this study, the level of correct sex identification that could be achieved using the Phenice variables was shown to be significantly affected by the previous experience of the observer.
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