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  • Title: Acute metabolic and circulatory effects of cigarette smoking in late pregnancy.
    Author: Nylund L, Lunell NO, Persson B, Fredholm BB, Lagercrantz H.
    Journal: Gynecol Obstet Invest; 1979; 10(1):39-45. PubMed ID: 226461.
    Abstract:
    The acute metabolic and circulatory effects of cigarette smoking (two cigarettes of a standard brand) in the last trimester of pregnancy were studied. 12 subjects, all of whom where hospitalized because of pregnancy complications, volunteered to participate in the investigation. A statistically significant immediate increment in the maternal heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fetal heart rate, plasma glucose and plasma cyclic AMP was noted. Plasma glycerol, plasma insulin and blood lactate did not change significantly. 30 min after smoking there was a small but significant increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and plasma C-peptide. 12 patients in the last trimester of pregnancy were studied in the effort to examine some acute circulatory and metabolic effects of cigarette smoking in the last trimester of pregnancy. The average consumption was 16 cigarettes daily. All subjects were hospitalized because of pregnancy complications. A statistically significant immediate increment in the maternal heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fetal heart rate, plasma glucose and plasma cyclic AMP was noted. There was no significant change in plasma clycerol, plasma insulin and blood lactate. 30 minutes after smoking there was a small but significant increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acids, plasma B-hydorxybutyrate and plasma C-peptide. These results demonstrate that smoking during pregnancy is associated with significant cardiovascular and metabolic effects. Smoking imposes a stress on the mother and fetus which, particularly if repeated frequently during the day, may help in explaining the epidemiological finding of an association of lower birth weight and increased perinatal mortality with maternal smoking.
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