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  • Title: [Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula: an unusual cause of exophthalmia. Report of three cases].
    Author: Grados A, Matonti F, Maalouly G, Lipski M, Nemnoum-Raad R, Jean E, Bernit E, Ebbo M, Marciano S, Chagnaud C, Harle JR, Brunel H, Kettaneh A, Schleinitz N.
    Journal: Rev Med Interne; 2012 Jul; 33(7):396-400. PubMed ID: 22703728.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: Exophthalmia can be associated with several disorders. Although unusual, a carotid-cavernous fistula should be ruled out systematically as it may be associated with severe complications. CASE REPORTS: We report three cases associated with both types of carotid-cavernous fistula that highlight the clinical presentation and diagnostic process. CONCLUSION: A carotid-cavernous fistula should be systematically ruled out in patients with a uni- or bilateral exophthalmia. Careful examination with auscultation of the ocular globe contributes greatly to the diagnosis that may be confirmed by MRI or arteriography.
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