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  • Title: Preliminary study of injury from heating systemically delivered, nontargeted dextran-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in mice.
    Author: Kut C, Zhang Y, Hedayati M, Zhou H, Cornejo C, Bordelon D, Mihalic J, Wabler M, Burghardt E, Gruettner C, Geyh A, Brayton C, Deweese TL, Ivkov R.
    Journal: Nanomedicine (Lond); 2012 Nov; 7(11):1697-711. PubMed ID: 22830502.
    Abstract:
    AIM: To assess the potential for injury to normal tissues in mice due to heating systemically delivered magnetic nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field (AMF). MATERIALS & METHODS: Twenty three male nude mice received intravenous injections of dextran-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on days 1-3. On day 6, they were exposed to AMF. On day 7, blood, liver and spleen were harvested and analyzed. RESULTS: Iron deposits were detected in the liver and spleen. Mice that had received a high-particle dose and a high AMF experienced increased mortality, elevated liver enzymes and significant liver and spleen necrosis. Mice treated with low-dose superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and a low AMF survived, but had elevated enzyme levels and local necrosis in the spleen. CONCLUSION: Magnetic nanoparticles producing only modest heat output can cause damage, and even death, when sequestered in sufficient concentrations. Dextran-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are deposited in the liver and spleen, making these the sites of potential toxicity. Original submitted 16 August 2011; Revised submitted 21 March 2012; Published online 26 July 2012.
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