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  • Title: Tracking retinal microgliosis in models of retinal ganglion cell damage.
    Author: Liu S, Li ZW, Weinreb RN, Xu G, Lindsey JD, Ye C, Yung WH, Pang CP, Lam DS, Leung CK.
    Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci; 2012 Sep 14; 53(10):6254-62. PubMed ID: 22879415.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To investigate the longitudinal profiles of microgliosis after optic nerve injury induced by optic nerve crush and acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: A confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope was used to image the retinal microglia of the CX3CR1(GFP/+) transgenic mice in vivo at baseline, 3 days and then weekly for 4 weeks after optic nerve crush (n = 3), and after elevating the IOP to 110 mm Hg for 30 (n = 3) or 60 (n = 3) minutes. RESULTS: After optic nerve crush, the density of microglia increased by 2.43 ± 0.19-fold at week 1 and then gradually declined with 2.04 ± 0.24-, 1.69 ± 0.25-, and 1.29 ± 0.11-fold increases at week 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Microgliosis followed a similar pattern after acute IOP elevation and the increase in microglia was associated with the duration of IOP elevation. There were 1.35 ± 0.17- and 2.03 ± 0.08-fold increases in microglia at week 1, and 1.15 ± 0.11- and 1.11 ± 0.10-fold increases at week 4, after 30 and 60 minutes of acute IOP elevation, respectively. The morphology of microglia changed from ramified to ameboid form in 1 week, and then returned to ramified form in the subsequent weeks. There was a significant negative association between the number of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the extent of microgliosis during the follow-up period (R² = 0.72, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal in vivo imaging of the retinal microglia can provide an effective approach to study microgliosis and its association with RGC degeneration.
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