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  • Title: Characterization of structure and dynamics of an aqueous scandium(III) ion by an extended ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation.
    Author: Vchirawongkwin V, Kritayakornupong C, Tongraar A, Rode BM.
    Journal: Dalton Trans; 2012 Oct 14; 41(38):11889-97. PubMed ID: 22914797.
    Abstract:
    Hydration structure and dynamics of an aqueous Sc(III) solution were characterized by means of an extended ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular dynamical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulation at Hartree-Fock level. A monocapped trigonal prismatic structure composed of seven water molecules surrounding scandium(III) ion was proposed by the QM/MM simulation including the quantum mechanical effects for the first and second hydration shells. The mean Sc(III)-O bond length of 2.14 Å was identified for six prism water molecules with one capping water located at around 2.26 Å, reproducing well the X-ray diffraction data. The Sc(III)-O stretching frequency of 432 cm(-1) corresponding to a force constant of 130 N m(-1), evaluated from the enlarged QM/MM simulation, is in good agreement with the experimentally determined value of 430 cm(-1) (128 N m(-1)). Various water exchange processes in the second hydration shell of the hydrated Sc(III) ion predict a mean ligand residence time of 7.3 ps.
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