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  • Title: From block clearance to sprint running: characteristics underlying an effective transition.
    Author: Debaere S, Delecluse C, Aerenhouts D, Hagman F, Jonkers I.
    Journal: J Sports Sci; 2013; 31(2):137-49. PubMed ID: 22974278.
    Abstract:
    The aim of this study was to characterize the specifics of the sprint technique during the transition from start block into sprint running in well-trained sprinters. Twenty-one sprinters (11 men and 10 women), equipped with 74 spherical reflective markers, executed an explosive start action. An opto-electronic motion analysis system consisting of 12 MX3 cameras (250 Hz; 325,000 pixels) and two Kistler force plates (1000 Hz) was used to collect the three-dimensional (3D) marker trajectories and ground reaction forces (Nexus, Vicon). The 3D kinematics, joint kinetics, and power were calculated (Opensim) and were time normalized to 100% from the first action after gunshot until the end of second stance after block clearance (Matlab). The results showed that during the first stance, power generation at the knee plays a significant role in obtaining an effective transition, representing 31% of power generation in the lower limb, in the absence of preceding power absorption. Furthermore, the sprinter actively searches a more forward leaning position to maximize horizontal velocity. Since success during sprinting from the second stance onwards involves high hip and ankle activation, the above-mentioned three characteristics are specific skills required to successfully conclude the transition from start block into sprint running.
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