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  • Title: Nilotinib population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analysis in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia.
    Author: Giles FJ, Yin OQ, Sallas WM, le Coutre PD, Woodman RC, Ottmann OG, Baccarani M, Kantarjian HM.
    Journal: Eur J Clin Pharmacol; 2013 Apr; 69(4):813-23. PubMed ID: 23052406.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: We evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure-response relationship of nilotinib in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). METHODS: Concentration data from 493 patients with CML in chronic phase (CML-CP), accelerated phase, or blast crisis were used to perform a population pharmacokinetic analysis using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. Steady-state nilotinib trough concentrations (Cmin) in individual patients were estimated from the population PK model for correlation with the efficacy and safety variables. Exposure-efficacy analysis was performed in patients with CML-CP, whereas exposure-safety analysis was performed in all patients who had both nilotinib PK data and efficacy/safety measures available. RESULTS: Baseline demographics and CML disease phase did not significantly affect nilotinib PK. Patients with a lower Cmin had significantly longer time to complete cytogenetic response (P = 0.010), longer time to major molecular response (P = 0.012), shorter time to progression (TTP; P = 0.009), and a trend toward lower response rates vs. patients with higher Cmin. A joint effect of prognostic risk score and Cmin on TTP was significant (P < 0.001). Nilotinib Cmin was also associated with the occurrence of all-grade elevations in total bilirubin (P < 0.001) and lipase (P = 0.002) levels. CONCLUSIONS: When tolerability allows, adherence to the nilotinib dose (400 mg twice daily) in order to maintain sufficient Cmin is important in maximizing the efficacy of nilotinib in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML.
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