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  • Title: A comparison of facial muscle squeezing versus non-facial muscle squeezing on the efficacy of botulinumtoxin-A injections for the treatment of facial dystonia.
    Author: O' Reilly P, Ross J, Norris J, Malhotra R.
    Journal: Orbit; 2012 Dec; 31(6):400-3. PubMed ID: 23061606.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: This study was performed to address whether voluntary muscle squeezing post botulinum toxin-A treatment with increased neuronal activity translates into noticeable patient benefit in practice. METHODS: This was a prospective, consecutive, double crossover interventional study. Participants were receiving regular (3 monthly) botulinum toxin-A treatment for aberrant facial nerve regeneration (AFNR), benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) or hemifacial spasm (HFS). Twenty-six participants were recruited and these were randomised into two groups (A and B). Group A performed a program of intensive facial exercises for 5 minutes after their first and third treatment whereas after their second treatment, they were asked to rest in a seated position for 5 minutes, and instructed not to talk or perform any voluntary movements of their face. Conversely group B were only asked to perform squeezing exercises after their second treatment. Outcomes were evaluated objectively using video-recordings and subjectively by questionnaire and telephone interview of participants. RESULTS: Video-recording data was complete for 21 participants. There was a mean 40% reduction in the frequency of facial muscle spasms and a 33% lower severity score (video-recordings graded by 1 masked investigator) where intensive facial exercises were performed post-treatment. These findings did not reach statistical significance (Mann- Whitney two-tailed test; p = 0.367). CONCLUSION: Although statistical significance was not achievable, this study suggested a possible trend towards an increased efficacy of botulinum toxin-A, with facial muscle squeezing post BTX treatment. Future studies with a larger number and a better defined subset of subjects may lead to statistical significance.
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