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  • Title: Cytokine gene polymorphisms in northern Indian women with recurrent miscarriages.
    Author: Parveen F, Shukla A, Agarwal S.
    Journal: Fertil Steril; 2013 Feb; 99(2):433-40. PubMed ID: 23062580.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To determine association of cytokine gene polymorphism with risk for recurrent miscarriages (RM). DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study on northern Indian RM cases versus control subjects. SETTING: Medical facility. PATIENT(S): A total of 200 women with at least three unexplained spontaneous abortions before 20 weeks of gestation. INTERVENTION(S): Subjects were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by restriction digestion and allele-specific oligonucleotides. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Detection of pro- and antiinflammatory gene polymorphism genotypes and allele frequencies. RESULT(S): We applied dominant and recessive models of inheritance, showing no association among T(H)2 [interleukin (IL) 10 (592 C/A) and transforming growth factor β] gene polymorphisms, while significant association was observed between T(H)2 [IL-4 (C590T), IL-6 (G174C), IL-10 (1082A/G and 819C/T)], and T(H)1 [interferon-γ (+874A/T)] with RM compared with control subjects. However, when classification and regression tree analysis was applied, this effect disappeared and demonstrated that IL-10 plays an important role in maintenance of pregnancy. CONCLUSION(S): Interleukin-10 acts as an immunosuppressive by keeping a balance of pro- and antiinflammatory signals that coordinate the satisfactory development of pregnancy, placental growth, and remodeling for favorable pregnancy outcome.
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