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  • Title: Porphyrin derivatives from a recombinant Escherichia coli grown on chemically defined medium.
    Author: Lee MJ, Chun SJ, Kim HJ, Kwon AS, Jun SY, Kang SH, Kim P.
    Journal: J Microbiol Biotechnol; 2012 Dec; 22(12):1653-8. PubMed ID: 23221527.
    Abstract:
    We have reported previously that a recombinant Escherichia coli co-expresses aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, an NADP-dependent malic enzyme, and a dicarboxylate transporter-produced heme, an iron-chelated porphyrin, in a succinate-containing complex medium. To develop an industrially plausible process, a chemically defined medium was formulated based on M9 minimal medium. Heme synthesis was enhanced by adding sodium bicarbonate, which strengthened the C4 metabolism required for the precursor metabolite, although a pH change discouraged cell growth. Increasing the medium pH buffering capacity (100mM phosphate buffer) and adding sodium bicarbonate enabled the recombinant E. coli to produce heme at rates 60% greater than those in M9 minimal medium. Adding growth factors (1 mg/l thiamin, 0.01 mg/l biotin, 5 mg/l nicotinic acid, 1 mg/l pantothenic acid, and 1.4 mg/l cobalamin) also induced positive heme production effects at levels twice of heme production in M9-based medium. Porphyrin derivatives and heme were found in the chemically defined medium, and their presence was confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). The formulated medium allowed for the production of 0.6 microM heme, 29 microM ALA, 0.07 microM coproporphyrin I, 0.21 microM coproporphyrin III, and 0.23 microM uroporphyrin in a 3 L pH-controlled culture.
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