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  • Title: Density of epithelial cells in the normal human nose and the paranasal sinus mucosa. A scanning electron microscopic study.
    Author: Halama AR, Decreton S, Bijloos JM, Clement PA.
    Journal: Rhinology; 1990 Mar; 28(1):25-32. PubMed ID: 2336523.
    Abstract:
    214 biopsies of mucosa from various sites of the nose and paranasal sinuses were obtained post-mortem and examined using the scanning electron microscope. The density of ciliated cells was increased in the nasal cavity, in the antero-posterior direction. In paranasal sinuses the density of these cells was high, except near the ostium of the maxillary sinus, where the density was decreased by half. Non-ciliated epithelial cells were found in relatively few areas: anterior aspect of the middle and lower turbinates, anterior septum. However, no uniform distribution of these cells was present. The density of goblet cells was significantly lower in the paranasal sinuses as compared to the nasal cavity, with the highest density being found near the ostium of the maxillary sinus.
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