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  • Title: Impact of body-composition methodology on the composition of weight loss and weight gain.
    Author: Pourhassan M, Schautz B, Braun W, Gluer CC, Bosy-Westphal A, Müller MJ.
    Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr; 2013 May; 67(5):446-54. PubMed ID: 23422922.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We intended to (i) to compare the composition of weight loss and weight gain using densitometry, deuterium dilution (D₂O), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the four-compartment (4C) model and (ii) to compare regional changes in fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle as assessed by DXA and MRI. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eighty-three study participants aged between 21 and 58 years with a body mass index range of 20.2-46.8 kg/m(2) had been assessed at two different occasions with a mean follow-up between 23.5 and 43.5 months. Body-weight changes within < 3% were considered as weight stable, a gain or a loss of >3% of initial weight was considered as a significant weight change. RESULTS: There was a considerable bias between the body-composition data obtained by the individual methods. When compared with the 4C model, mean bias of D₂O and densitometry was explained by the erroneous assumption of a constant hydration of FFM, thus, changes in FM were underestimated by D₂O but overestimated by densitometry. Because hydration does not normalize after weight loss, all two-component models have a systematic error in weight-reduced subjects. The bias between 4C model and DXA was mainly explained by FM% at baseline, whereas FFM hydration contributed to additional 5%. As to the regional changes in body composition, DXA data had a considerable bias and, thus, cannot replace MRI. CONCLUSIONS: To assess changes in body composition associated with weight changes, only the 4C model and MRI can be used with confidence.
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