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  • Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution syndrome in solid-organ transplant recipients.
    Author: Sun HY, Munoz P, Torre-Cisneros J, Aguado JM, Lattes R, Montejo M, Garcia-Reyne A, Bouza E, Valerio M, Lara R, John GT, Bruno D, Singh N.
    Journal: Transplantation; 2013 May 15; 95(9):1173-81. PubMed ID: 23435454.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Incidence, characteristics, and risk factors for tuberculosis (TB)-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRS) in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients are not known. METHODS: Patients are composed of 64 consecutive SOT recipients with TB followed for 12 months. IRS was defined based on previously proposed criteria. RESULTS: IRS developed in 14% (9/64) of the patients, a median of 47 days after the use of anti-TB therapy. Liver versus other types of organ transplant recipients (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-34.86), prior cytomegalovirus infection (adjusted OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 0.93-34.47), and rifampin use (adjusted OR, 4.56; 95% CI, 0.74-27) were associated with a higher risk of IRS. The presence of more than one factor (liver transplantation, cytomegalovirus infection, and rifampin use) when compared with none of these factors conferred a 19-fold increase in the risk of IRS (P=0.01). Mortality at 1 year after diagnosis was 33.3% in patients with IRS and 17.2% in those without IRS (P=0.31). CONCLUSIONS: IRS was documented in 14% of the SOT recipients with TB. We determined clinically identifiable factors that may be useful in assessing the risk of tuberculosis-associated posttransplantation IRS.
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