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  • Title: Effect of fundamental frequency at voice onset on vocal attack time.
    Author: Watson BC, Baken RJ, Roark RM, Reid S, Ribeiro M, Tsai W.
    Journal: J Voice; 2013 May; 27(3):273-7. PubMed ID: 23490128.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To examine vocal attack time (VAT) values associated with the production of low, mid, and high rates of vocal fold vibration in normal speakers. STUDY DESIGN: Sound pressure (SP) and electroglottographic (EGG) recordings were obtained for eight female and five male subjects while producing multiple tokens of the sustained vowels /ɑ/, /i/, and /u/ at comfortable loudness and at mid, low (-3 semitones), and high (+6 semitones) rates of vocal fold vibration. METHODS: Generalized sinusoidal models of the SP and EGG signals were computed to compare rates of amplitude change. VAT was computed from the time lag of the cross-correlation function. RESULTS: Adjusted mean VAT for the high frequency condition was smaller than the adjusted mean VAT values for the low- and mid-frequency conditions. There was no significant difference between the mid and low frequency conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Findings reveal an association of the VAT measure with increases in vocal fold tension associated with the production of high rates of vocal fold vibration.
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