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  • Title: Spontaneous ascitic fluid infection in liver cirrhosis: bacteriological profile and response to antibiotic therapy.
    Author: Bhat G, Vandana KE, Bhatia S, Suvarna D, Pai CG.
    Journal: Indian J Gastroenterol; 2013 Sep; 32(5):297-301. PubMed ID: 23515981.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Spontaneous ascitic fluid infection (SAI) is common in cirrhotic patients leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Third-generation cephalosporins are currently recommended as first-line therapy. We conducted a prospective study to determine bacterial etiology, susceptibility patterns, and clinical epidemiology including 1-month mortality of SAIs among patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Records of 600 patients with suspected SAI over a 4-year period were analyzed. Empirical cefotaxime/ceftriaxone was initiated in patients who had a neutrophil count >250/mm(3). Treatment failure was defined by absence of clinical improvement and/or significant decrease in neutrophil count of ascites (<25 % of base line value) by 72 h of therapy. RESULTS: Seventy patients (11.6 %) had SAI, including 40 (57.1 %) culture-negative neutrocytic ascites (CNNA), 25 (35.8 %) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and five (7 %) monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites (MNB). Gram-negative bacilli (Klebsiella and E. coli) were the commonest organisms. The overall response rate to ceftriaxone was 62.8 % (44/70). Among culture-positive patients (SBP and MNB), sensitivity rates to ceftriaxone was 50 %, while it was 53.3 % for quinolones, 70 % for piperacillin-tazobactam, and 93.3 % for cefoperazone-sulbactam combination. Thirty-day mortality was lower for CNNA compared to SBP (20 % vs. 40 %, p < 0.001) and for patients with response compared to no response to first antibiotic (11.3 % vs. 53.8 %, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The response of SAI to third-generation cephalosporins was low at our center. Cefoperazone-sulbactam could be a better alternative choice.
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