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  • Title: Testosterone exposure in childhood: discerning pathology from physiology.
    Author: Cabrera SM, Rogol AD.
    Journal: Expert Opin Drug Saf; 2013 May; 12(3):375-88. PubMed ID: 23517636.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: Testosterone (T) drives normal male sexual development both in utero and at puberty. Aberrant T exposure manifests as virilization of a female fetus, contrasexual precocity in girls, and isosexual precocity in boys. Evidence of pathologic T exposure warrants a prompt evaluation. AREAS COVERED: The authors introduce the topic of T exposure in children by reviewing its physiology in the fetus and during childhood and adolescence. Pathologic conditions leading to virilization of a female fetus as well as androgen-mediated gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty in both genders are then discussed. The authors finish by noting exogenous T exposure in children and adolescents, focusing specifically on secondary exposure to topical T preparations. EXPERT OPINION: Contrasexual precocity in a girl or sexual precocity in a boy should prompt evaluation for causes of gonadotropin-independent pubertal changes. Initial biochemical evaluation includes a bone age, T, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and high sensitivity gonadotropin levels. The provider must query exposure to topical androgen-containing preparations as unintentional secondary exposure to topical T must be considered. Hyperandrogenism is temporally related to exposure of topical T and removal of exposure results in a marked decrease in serum T as well as resolution or stabilization of the signs and symptoms.
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