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  • Title: Microtubule disassembly prevents palatal fusion and alters regulation of the E-cadherin/catenin complex.
    Author: Kitase Y, Shuler CF.
    Journal: Int J Dev Biol; 2013; 57(1):55-60. PubMed ID: 23585353.
    Abstract:
    During palatal fusion, the midline epithelial seam (MES) degrades to achieve mesenchymal confluence. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one mechanism which is active in MES degradation. TGF-β induces EMT in medial edge epithelium (MEE) by down-regulation of an epithelial marker, E-cadherin. Microtubule disassembly impaired palatal fusion leading to a multi-layered MES in the mid-region. In this study, we investigated the effect of microtubule disruption on the regulation of the E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex. Nocodazole (NDZ) enhanced the accumulation of the adhesion complex at cell-cell contacts in MEE, while loss of the adhesion complex was observed in the control. NDZ caused aberrant regulation of the E-cadherin transcriptional repressors (Snail and Zeb) and the activator (c-MYC) through inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling pathway, which led to a failure in EMT. These results suggest that the microtubule cytoskeleton plays an important role in mediating TGF-β/SMAD2 signals to control E-cadherin gene expression in MEE during palatal fusion.
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