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  • Title: Positive end-expiratory pressure during laparoscopy: cardiac and respiratory effects.
    Author: Russo A, Di Stasio E, Scagliusi A, Bevilacqua F, Isgrò MA, Marana R, Marana E.
    Journal: J Clin Anesth; 2013 Jun; 25(4):314-20. PubMed ID: 23712068.
    Abstract:
    STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the respiratory system and on cardiac function. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Operating room. PATIENTS: 60 ASA physical status 1 women scheduled for pelvic laparoscopic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were ventilated normally during surgery; PEEP was modified depending on patient group allocation. Group A was the control group and did not receive PEEP. Group B received PEEP 5 cmH2O and Group C received PEEP 10 cmH2O. MEASUREMENTS: Respiratory parameters measured were partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO2). Cardiac parameters measured were left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), ie, ratio of LVEDV/body surface area (BSA; [LVEDVI = end-diastolic volume [EDV]/BSA); left ventricular (LV) systolic function, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular (RV) fractional area change (FAC), RV dimensions in the apical 4-chamber view, tracing basal and mid-cavity minor dimensions and longitudinal dimension, cardiac index, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PASP), and systolic RV pressure (RVSP). Respiratory and cardiac measurements were recorded at T0 (baseline); T1 (after anesthesia induction, before pneumoperitoneum induction); at 10 (T2), 20 (T3), and 30 (T4) minutes after CO2 insufflation; and at the end of surgery (T5). MAIN RESULTS: Ventilation with PEEP at 10 cm H2O led to significant improvement in both respiratory and cardiac parameters. A reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance and enhanced washout of expiratory CO2 occurred. Ten and, to a lesser extent, 5 cm H2O of PEEP decreased LV stroke work. CONCLUSIONS: Ventilation with PEEP (up to 10 cm H2O) recruits the hypoventilated areas of the lungs and reduces cardiac afterload.
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