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  • Title: Factor structure of the CES-D and measurement invariance across gender in Mainland Chinese adolescents.
    Author: Wang M, Armour C, Wu Y, Ren F, Zhu X, Yao S.
    Journal: J Clin Psychol; 2013 Sep; 69(9):966-79. PubMed ID: 23775279.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to examine the depressive symptom structure of Mainland China adolescents using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). DESIGN: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were simultaneously conducted to determine the structure of the CES-D in a large scale, representative adolescent samples recruited from Mainland China. Multigroup CFA (N = 5059, 48% boys, mean = 16.55±1.06) was utilized to test the factorial invariance of the depressive symptom structure, which was generated by EFA and confirmed by CFA across gender. RESULTS: The CES-D can be interpreted in terms of 3 symptom dimensions. Additionally, factorial invariance of the new proposed model across gender was supported at all assuming different degrees of invariance. CONCLUSION: Mainland Chinese adolescents have specific depressive symptom structure, which is consistent across gender.
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