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  • Title: Parental psychological distress during pregnancy and wheezing in preschool children: the Generation R Study.
    Author: Guxens M, Sonnenschein-van der Voort AM, Tiemeier H, Hofman A, Sunyer J, de Jongste JC, Jaddoe VW, Duijts L.
    Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol; 2014 Jan; 133(1):59-67.e1-12. PubMed ID: 23777854.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy might affect fetal lung development and subsequently predispose children to childhood asthma. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the associations of maternal psychological distress during pregnancy with early childhood wheezing. METHODS: We performed a population-based prospective cohort study among 4848 children. We assessed maternal and paternal psychological distress at the second trimester of gestation and 3 years after delivery and maternal psychological distress at 2 and 6 months after delivery by using the Brief Symptom Inventory questionnaire. Wheezing in the children was annually examined by using questionnaires from 1 to 4 years. Physician-diagnosed ever asthma was reported at 6 years. RESULTS: Mothers with psychological distress during pregnancy had increased odds of wheezing in their children from 1 to 4 years of life (overall distress: odds ratio [OR], 1.60 [95% CI, 1.32-1.93]; depression: OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.20-1.77]; and anxiety: OR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.15-1.67]). We observed similar positive associations with the number of wheezing episodes, wheezing patterns, and physician-diagnosed asthma at 6 years. Paternal distress during pregnancy and maternal and paternal distress after delivery did not affect these results and were not associated with childhood wheezing. CONCLUSION: Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of wheezing in their children during the first 6 years of life independent of paternal psychological distress during pregnancy and maternal and paternal psychological distress after delivery. These results suggest a possible intrauterine programming effect of maternal psychological distress leading to respiratory morbidity.
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