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  • Title: PAIN with and without PAR: variants for third-spin assisted heteronuclear polarization transfer.
    Author: Agarwal V, Sardo M, Scholz I, Böckmann A, Ernst M, Meier BH.
    Journal: J Biomol NMR; 2013 Aug; 56(4):365-77. PubMed ID: 23807391.
    Abstract:
    In this article, we describe third-spin assisted heteronuclear recoupling experiments, which play an increasingly important role in measuring long-range heteronuclear couplings, in particular (15)N-(13)C, in proteins. In the proton-assisted insensitive nuclei cross polarization (PAIN-CP) experiment (de Paëpe et al. in J Chem Phys 134:095101, 2011), heteronuclear polarization transfer is always accompanied by homonuclear transfer of the proton-assisted recoupling (PAR) type. We present a phase-alternating experiment that promotes heteronuclear (e.g. (15)N → (13)C) polarization transfer while simultaneously minimizing homonuclear (e.g.(13)C → (13)C) transfer (PAIN without PAR). This minimization of homonuclear polarization transfer is based on the principle of the resonant second-order transfer (RESORT) recoupling scheme where the passive proton spins are irradiated by a phase-alternating sequence and the modulation frequency is matched to an integer multiple of the spinning frequency. The similarities and differences between the PAIN-CP and this het-RESORT experiment are discussed here.
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