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  • Title: A photovoltaic-driven and energy-autonomous CMOS implantable sensor.
    Author: Ayazian S, Akhavan VA, Soenen E, Hassibi A.
    Journal: IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst; 2012 Aug; 6(4):336-43. PubMed ID: 23853178.
    Abstract:
    An energy-autonomous, photovoltaic (PV)-driven and MRI-compatible CMOS implantable sensor is presented. On-chip P+/N-well diode arrays are used as CMOS-compatible PV cells to harvest μW's of power from the light that penetrates into the tissue. In this 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm sub-μW integrated system, the in-vivo physiological signals are first measured by using a subthreshold ring oscillator-based sensor, the acquired data is then modulated into a frequency-shift keying (FSK) signal, and finally transmitted neuromorphically to the skin surface by using a pair of polarized electrodes.
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