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  • Title: HIV-1 maternal and infant variants show similar sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies, but sensitivity varies by subtype.
    Author: Mabuka J, Goo L, Omenda MM, Nduati R, Overbaugh J.
    Journal: AIDS; 2013 Jun 19; 27(10):1535-44. PubMed ID: 23856624.
    Abstract:
    RATIONALE: To protect against HIV infection, passively transferred and/or vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) need to effectively target diverse subtypes that are transmitted globally. These variants are a limited subset of those present during chronic infection and display some unique features. In the case of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), transmitted variants tend to be resistant to neutralization by maternal autologous NAbs. METHOD: To investigate whether variants transmitted during MTCT are generally resistant to HIV-1-specific NAbs, 107 maternal or infant variants representing the dominant HIV-1 subtypes were tested against six recently identified HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs), NIH45-46W, VRC01, PGT128, PGT121, PG9 and PGT145. RESULTS: Infant and maternal variants did not differ in their neutralization sensitivity to individual bNAbs, nor did viruses from transmitting versus nontransmitting mothers, although there was a trend for viruses from transmitting mothers to be less sensitive overall. No single bNAb neutralized all viruses, but a combination of bNAbs that target distinct epitopes covered 100% of the variants tested. Compared with heterosexually transmitted variants, vertically transmitted variants were significantly more sensitive to neutralization by PGT128 and PGT121 (P=0.03 in both cases), but there were no differences for the other bNAbs. Overall, subtype A variants were significantly more sensitive to NIH45-46 (P=0.04), VRC01 (P=0.002) and PGT145 (P=0.03) compared with the nonsubtype A and less sensitive to PGT121 than subtype Cs (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: A combination of bNAbs against distinct epitopes may be needed to provide maximum coverage against viruses in different modes of transmission and diverse subtypes.
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