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  • Title: Parthenolide complements the cell death-inducing activity of doxorubicin in melanoma cells.
    Author: Wozniak M, Szulawska-Mroczek A, Hartman ML, Nejc D, Czyz M.
    Journal: Anticancer Res; 2013 Aug; 33(8):3205-12. PubMed ID: 23898080.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Melanoma is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate combined effects of doxorubicin and parthenolide on melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate viability. The p53 levels and Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage were assessed by western blot. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to evaluate changes in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and gene expression, respectively. RESULTS: Both drugs reduced the viability of melanoma cells and induced apoptosis. Expression of the ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member-5 (ABCB5) transporter was enhanced by doxorubicin. Doxorubicin induced activity of p53 and NF-κB. Parthenolide markedly reduced the constitutive and doxorubicin-induced NF-κB activity measured as the nuclear NF-κB, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and it had no effect on p53. DISCUSSION: Doxorubicin and parthenolide affected distinct pathways in melanoma, and parthenolide was capable of combating some pro-survival effects of doxorubicin in the combined treatment. This provides a rationale for in vivo investigation of this drug combination.
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