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  • Title: Aluminum-Induced photoluminescence red shifts in core-shell GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As nanowires.
    Author: Dhaka V, Oksanen J, Jiang H, Haggren T, Nykänen A, Sanatinia R, Kakko JP, Huhtio T, Mattila M, Ruokolainen J, Anand S, Kauppinen E, Lipsanen H.
    Journal: Nano Lett; 2013 Aug 14; 13(8):3581-8. PubMed ID: 23898926.
    Abstract:
    We report a new phenomenon related to Al-induced carrier confinement at the interface in core-shell GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As nanowires grown using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy with Au as catalyst. All Al(x)Ga(1-x)As shells strongly passivated the GaAs nanowires, but surprisingly the peak photoluminescence (PL) position and the intensity from the core were found to be a strong function of Al composition in the shell at low temperatures. Large and systematic red shifts of up to ~66 nm and broadening in the PL emission from the GaAs core were observed when the Al composition in the shell exceeded 3%. On the contrary, the phenomenon was observed to be considerably weaker at the room temperature. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals Al segregation in the shell along six Al-rich radial bands displaying a 3-fold symmetry. Time-resolved PL measurements suggest the presence of indirect electron-hole transitions at the interface at higher Al composition. We discuss all possibilities including a simple shell-core-shell model using simulations where the density of interface traps increases with the Al content, thus creating a strong local electron confinement. The carrier confinement at the interface is most likely related to Al inhomogeneity and/or Al-induced traps. Our results suggest that a low Al composition in the shell is desirable in order to achieve ideal passivation in GaAs nanowires.
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