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  • Title: Risk factors for anal HPV infection and anal precancer in HIV-infected men who have sex with men.
    Author: Schwartz LM, Castle PE, Follansbee S, Borgonovo S, Fetterman B, Tokugawa D, Lorey TS, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Luhn P, Gage JC, Darragh TM, Wentzensen N.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 2013 Dec 01; 208(11):1768-75. PubMed ID: 23908478.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a large proportion of anal cancers. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of HPV infection and anal cancer compared with HIV-negative men. We evaluated risk factors for HPV infection and anal precancer in a population of HIV-infected MSM. METHODS: Our study included 305 MSM at an HIV/AIDS clinic in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Health Maintenance Organization. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations of risk factors comparing men without anal HPV infection; men with anal HPV infection, but no precancer; and men with anal precancer. RESULTS: Low CD4 count (<350 cells/mm(3)) and previous chlamydia infection were associated with an increased risk of carcinogenic HPV infection (odds ratio [OR], 3.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-10.40 and OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.16-15.51, respectively). History of smoking (OR, 2.71 95% CI, 1.43-5.14), duration, recency, and dose of smoking increased the risk of anal precancer among carcinogenic HPV-positive men but had no association with HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS: We found distinct risk factors for anal HPV infection and anal precancer. Risk factors for HPV infection and anal precancer are similar to established risk factors for cervical cancer progression.
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