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  • Title: Reliability of grading retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma.
    Author: Chhabra MS, Bonsall DJ, Cassedy AE, Wallace GH, Schoenberger SD, West CE.
    Journal: J AAPOS; 2013 Aug; 17(4):343-6. PubMed ID: 23911129.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To study the intra- and inter-observer reliability of pediatric ophthalmologists in grading retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma. METHODS: Pediatric ophthalmologists attending the 2009 annual meeting of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus participated in an onsite survey. The participants were required to compare a collection of fundus photographs of patients with abusive head trauma to two standardized photographs, A and B. Participants graded photographs as normal (no retinal hemorrhages), better than A but not normal, same as A, between A and B, same as B, or worse than B. The survey was divided into four parts: part 1 consisted of 20 photographs to be graded; part 2 was a questionnaire about participant's professional experience; part 3 consisted of 20 photographs to be graded (including 15 graded in part 1 but reordered); and part 4 asked about the criteria used to grade the photographs. RESULTS: Of the 95 participants, 92 (97%) were licensed physicians with a mean of 14 years in practice. The intra-rater reliability was found to be high, with overall average of 85% pre- and post-agreement on the common pictures. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used as the statistical measure of inter-rater reliability and had a high value (0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric ophthalmologists showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability in grading retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma.
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