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  • Title: Field dependence/independence and performance in school: an argument against neutrality of cognitive style.
    Author: Páramo MF, Tinajero C.
    Journal: Percept Mot Skills; 1990 Jun; 70(3 Pt 2):1079-87. PubMed ID: 2399082.
    Abstract:
    To ascertain whether there is any relationship between field dependence/independence and performance in school, the Children's Embedded Figures Test and Embedded Figures Test were applied to 103 10- to 14-yr.-olds (55 boys and 48 girls) in Grades 5 to 8 of primary education and Grade 1 of secondary education in Santiago de Compostela (Spain), and the scores were compared with their school marks in Mathematics, Spanish, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences, and with their over-all mark. Field-independent children performed better in all subjects, especially boys. This finding appears unsupportive of the supposed neutrality of field dependence/independence and suggests that this dimension of cognitive style should be taken into account in education.
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