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  • Title: Myopia and the long-term incidence of cataract and cataract surgery: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
    Author: Kanthan GL, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Cumming RG, Wang JJ.
    Journal: Clin Exp Ophthalmol; 2014; 42(4):347-53. PubMed ID: 24024555.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: To assess the association between refractive errors and the 10-year incidence of cataract and cataract surgery. DESIGN: Population-based prospective study. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand six hundred fifty-four persons aged 49+ years living in a well-defined geographical region were examined at baseline; 2564 were re-examined after 5 and/or 10 years. METHODS: Baseline refractive error was measured using autorefraction with subjective refinement. Lens photographs were taken at each visit and assessed using the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Long-term incidence of cataract and cataract surgery. RESULTS: Compared with emmetropia, high myopia was associated with increased incidence of nuclear cataract (adjusted odds ratio 3.01, 95% confidence intervals 1.35-6.71). Low (odds ratio 1.86, confidence interval 1.03-3.35) and high myopia (odds ratio 7.80, confidence interval 3.51-17.35) were significantly associated with higher incidence of posterior subcapsular cataract. Low, moderate and high myopia were associated with increased incidence of cataract surgery (odds ratio 2.54, confidence interval 1.76-3.68; odds ratio 2.61, confidence interval 1.45-4.69; and odds ratio 4.81, confidence interval 2.33-9.93, respectively). Either any (odds ratio 1.35, confidence interval 1.08-1.69) or moderate hyperopia (odds ratio 1.76, confidence interval 1.32-2.34) was associated with increased incidence of nuclear cataract. CONCLUSION: Our longitudinal study confirms the association between myopia and an increased risk of nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract. It also suggests that hyperopia may increase the risk of nuclear cataract.
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