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  • Title: The effect of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid function in children.
    Author: Yılmaz U, Yılmaz TS, Akıncı G, Korkmaz HA, Tekgül H.
    Journal: Seizure; 2014 Jan; 23(1):29-35. PubMed ID: 24091037.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Limited and conflicting data exist for the influence of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid function in children. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phenobarbital, valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and levetiracetam monotherapy on thyroid function in daily clinical practice during a 12-month treatment period. METHOD: A total of 223 children (103 females and 120 males) with new onset and controlled epilepsy treated with valproate (n=129), phenobarbital (n=33), carbamazepine (n=36), oxcarbazepine (n=14), levetiracetam (n=11) were enrolled in the study. Serum free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured before and at first, sixth and twelfth months of therapy. RESULTS: At baseline, average fT4 and TSH concentrations were not different between the drug groups. Valproate-treated patients had decreased fT4 and increased TSH levels at months 1, 6, and 12. Carbamazepine-treated patients had decreased fT4 levels at months 1, 6, and 12 and increased TSH levels at months 1, and 6. Phenobarbital-treated patients had decreased fT4 levels at months 1, and 6, and increased TSH levels at months 6 and 12. Oxcarbazepine-treated patients had decreased fT4 levels at month 1. Levetiracetam-treated patients showed no significant change of fT4 and TSH at any times. The frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism at month 12 was 28% in valproate, 21.4% in oxcarbazepine, 18.2% in phenobarbital, 13.9% in carbamazepine, and 0% in levetiracetam groups. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that all antiepileptic drugs studied except levetiracetam had varying degrees of deleterious effects on thyroid function.
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