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  • Title: Auditory event-related potentials measured in kindergarten predict later reading problems at school age.
    Author: Hämäläinen JA, Guttorm TK, Richardson U, Alku P, Lyytinen H, Leppänen PH.
    Journal: Dev Neuropsychol; 2013; 38(8):550-66. PubMed ID: 24219695.
    Abstract:
    Identifying children at risk for reading problems or dyslexia at kindergarten age could improve support for beginning readers. Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured for temporally complex pseudowords and corresponding non-speech stimuli from 6.5-year-old children who participated in behavioral literacy tests again at 9 years in the second grade. Children who had reading problems at school age had larger N250 responses to speech and non-speech stimuli particularly at the left hemisphere. The brain responses also correlated with reading skills. The results suggest that atypical auditory and speech processing are a neural-level risk factor for future reading problems. [Supplementary material is available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Developmental Neuropsychology for the following free supplemental resources: Sound files used in the experiments. Three speech sounds and corresponding non-speech sounds with short, intermediate, and long gaps].
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