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  • Title: Depressor muscle division through a subbrow excision for the improvement of brow ptosis.
    Author: Lee EJ, Hwang K.
    Journal: J Craniofac Surg; 2013 Nov; 24(6):1987-90. PubMed ID: 24220387.
    Abstract:
    The aim of this study was to introduce a technique of dividing forehead depressor muscles with a subbrow excision for improvement of brow ptosis or redundant upper eyelid skin and glabella wrinkles. Upper incisions were designed at the lower limit of the eyebrow with a lateral extension along the eyebrow curvature. After measuring the redundant upper eyelid skin, the excess skin was excised. The orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle was identified and split longitudinally. The forehead depressor muscles (depressor supercilii, oblique and transverse head of corrugator, and medial part of orbicularis oculi) in the brow fat pad were identified and avulsed. In the patients who have a lowered brow, the brow was elevated and fixed to the underlying periosteum about 1 cm above the superior orbital rim after subgaleal dissection. During the dissection, the supraorbital nerve was preserved. Preaponeurotic fat was transferred and sutured between the cut stumps of the corrugator and procerus. The 78 patients (19 men, 60 women; age range, 41-72 years [mean, 52.0 ± 7.1 years]) were operated on. The follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 48 months. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken, and the following evaluations were conducted by 1 surgeon via a Likert scale (1 = not improved, 2 = slightly improved, 3 = somewhat improved, 4 = much improved, 5 = markedly improved). The mean score for improvement of the glabella frowns in contraction was 3.7 ± 1.6. The mean score for the improvement of the glabella frowns in relaxation was 4.1 ± 1.3. The mean score for improvement of drooping eyelids was 4.7 ± 0.5. The mean score for the improvement of forehead wrinkles was 4.8 ± 0.7. We improved brow ptosis, redundant upper eyelid skin, and glabella wrinkles simultaneously using a subbrow excision and depressor muscle division while preserving the superficial branch of the supraorbital nerve.
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