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  • Title: Deubiquitinases and their emerging roles in β-arrestin-mediated signaling.
    Author: Shenoy SK.
    Journal: Methods Enzymol; 2014; 535():351-70. PubMed ID: 24377933.
    Abstract:
    The two homologous mammalian proteins called β-arrestin1 (also known as arrestin2) and β-arrestin2 (also called arrestin3) are now widely accepted as endocytic and signaling adaptors for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), growth factor receptors, and ion channels. The sustained interactions of β-arrestins with activated GPCRs have been shown to correlate with the agonist-induced ubiquitination on distinct domains in the β-arrestin molecule. Additionally, ubiquitination of β-arrestin promotes its interaction with proteins that mediate endocytosis (e.g., clathrin) and signaling (e.g., c-RAF). Recent studies have demonstrated that deubiquitination of β-arrestin by specific deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) acts as an important regulatory mechanism, which determines the stability of β-arrestin-GPCR binding and fine-tunes β-arrestin-dependent signaling to downstream kinases. Accordingly, ubiquitination/deubiquitination of β-arrestin can serve as an on/off switch for its signaling and endocytic functions. Moreover, by regulating the stability and localization of signalosomes, deubiquitination of β-arrestins by DUBs imparts spatial and temporal resolution in GPCR signaling.
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