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  • Title: DDQ-mediated oxidative coupling: an approach to 2,3-dicyanofuran (thiophene).
    Author: Wang ZL, Li HL, Ge LS, An XL, Zhang ZG, Luo X, Fossey JS, Deng WP.
    Journal: J Org Chem; 2014 Feb 07; 79(3):1156-65. PubMed ID: 24428373.
    Abstract:
    A facile oxidative coupling of α-carbonyl radicals to 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) for the synthesis of 2,3-dicyanofurans and thiophenes starting from readily available β-diketones, simple ketones, and β-keto thioamides in up to 95% yield in one step was developed. Mechanistic investigations revealed that a radical process could be involved in this transformation, and a water promoted C-C bond cleavage pathway is proposed for the formation of 2,3-dicyanofurans and thiophenes.
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