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  • Title: Effect of cefepime dose on mortality of patients with Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study.
    Author: Alves MD, Ribeiro VB, Tessari JP, Mattiello F, De Bacco G, Luz DI, Vieira FJ, Behle TF, Pasqualotto AC, Zavascki AP.
    Journal: J Antimicrob Chemother; 2014 Jun; 69(6):1681-7. PubMed ID: 24474430.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: There are controversies regarding the association of cefepime therapy with increased mortality among patients with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). We evaluated the effect of cefepime on the mortality of patients with GNB bloodstream infections (BSIs). METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in adult patients with creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL who received empirical therapy with cefepime for at least 48 h for BSIs caused by GNB. The outcome was hospital mortality. Potential clinical predictors, including a high-dose regimen (2 g every 8 h), were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred and thirteen patients were included. Most (78.8%) isolates had low cefepime MICs (≤0.25 mg/L). The overall hospital mortality was 35.4% [25.6% (10/39) and 40.5% (30/74) in patients receiving high-dose and usual-dose cefepime, respectively (P = 0.17)]. In a Cox regression model adjusted for cefepime MIC and propensity score, a high-dose regimen was independently associated with lower mortality rates [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.41; 95% CI 0.18-0.91; P = 0.029] while presentation with severe sepsis or septic shock was independently associated with higher mortality rates (aHR 4.10; 95% CI 1.78-9.40; P = 0.001). A trend to lower mortality rates was also found in the subgroup analysis of patients who had not switched antibiotic during therapy after adjustment for the latter variables. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose cefepime therapy was associated with lower mortality rates in patients with GNB BSIs, even for GNB with low cefepime MICs.
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