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  • Title: Rhodococcus equi pericarditis in a patient living with HIV/AIDS.
    Author: Gundelly P, Thornton A, Greenberg RN, McCormick M, Myint T.
    Journal: J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care; 2014; 13(4):309-12. PubMed ID: 24482103.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: Rhodococcus equi, previously called Corynebacterium equi, is known to cause pneumonia in foals and swine. Although it was known to cause infection rarely in humans, R equi infection in humans has increased with the advent of HIV and increased use of immunosuppressants. CASE: We report a case of a 48-year-old male patient with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS presenting with recurrent R equi bacteremia, pericardial effusion, and pericardial cyst. The infection was treated with drainage of the pericardial effusion and cyst and 2 weeks of intravenous vancomycin and 6 months of oral azithromycin and levofloxacin. DISCUSSION: Rhodococcus equi causes pericarditis and pericardial effusion. It can be effectively treated with debridement, drainage, and a prolonged course of antibiotics. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility should be checked as resistance to antibiotics can develop, especially if drainage is inadequate.
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