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  • Title: Longitudinal electrocardiographic evaluation of dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease.
    Author: López-Alvarez J, Boswood A, Moonarmart W, Hezzell MJ, Lotter N, Elliott J.
    Journal: J Vet Intern Med; 2014; 28(2):393-400. PubMed ID: 24494591.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Increased heart rate (HR) and decreased heart rate variability (HRV) are evident in some dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the factors influencing HR and HRV (assessed by the vasovagal tonus index; VVTI) and their change over time in dogs with DMVD. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 257) with DMVD recruited from first opinion practice. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal follow-up at six-monthly intervals of dogs with DMVD. Dogs followed up for at least 18 months (n = 102) were grouped according to their outcome as dogs dying/euthanized because of cardiac disease (n = 28; Group 1), noncardiac disease (n = 40; Group 2) and dogs alive (n = 34; Group 3). HR and VVTI were measured on 1-minute ECG recordings. Repeated measures linear models were constructed to investigate the factors that influence HR and VVTI and their changes over time. RESULTS: Heart rate and VVTI were affected by disease severity and were different in Cavaliers compared to other breeds. Group 1 and Group 2 dogs underwent an increase in HR and decrease in VVTI, evident at least 18 months before death. Group 1 had a further decrease in VVTI followed by an increase in HR approximately 1 year and 6 months before death, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Dogs with DMVD have an increase in HR and decrease in HRV over a year before death, with greater changes in those dogs dying/euthanized because of cardiac disease. Both HR and VVTI can potentially be regarded as biomarkers for all-cause mortality.
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