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  • Title: Susceptibility-weighted imaging for stem cell visualization in a rat photothrombotic cerebral infarction model.
    Author: Ha BC, Jung J, Kwak BK.
    Journal: Acta Radiol; 2015 Feb; 56(2):219-27. PubMed ID: 24574360.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: In cell therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to visualize superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled stem cells homing to a lesion. Improving traceability is to utilize the sequence that maximizes sensitivity to the susceptibility effect of SPIO. PURPOSE: To explore the best method by comparing the MRI sequences to visualize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) labeled with SPIO. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs were labeled by internalization of SPIO nanoparticles. In vitro MRI was performed for the SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs in tubes with T2-weighted (T2W), T2*-weighted (T2*W), and susceptibility-weighted images (SWI). Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and volumes of dark signal of SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs were obtained on images of each sequence. Photothrombotic cerebral infarction (PTCI) was induced in eight rats, and 2.5 × 10(5) SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs were infused through the tail vein on the third day. In vivo MRI of the rat brain was performed using a 3.0 T MRI on the first, third, seventh, and 14th days. CNRspio was obtained on T2W imaging, T2*W imaging, and SWI. The dark signals were compared with the SPIO-positive cells of Prussian blue staining. RESULTS: In vitro MRI of 5 × 10(5) SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs showed the CNR and volume of dark signal to be 63, 517 mm(3) in SWI, 41, 228 mm(3) in T2*W imaging, and 56, 41 mm(3) in T2W imaging, respectively. In vivo MRI showed a dark signal surrounding the high signal intensity of PTCI. Pathologically, the dark signals were matched with SPIO-labeled hBM-MSC in the corresponding rat. The dark signal was most prominent in SWI, then T2*W imaging, and finally in T2W imaging (P <0.05). In SWI, other causes of dark signals were matched with the veins and the choroid plexuses on histopathology. CONCLUSION: SWI can visualize SPIO-labeled hBM-MSCs more sensitively, earlier, and with larger size and greater contrast than T2W imaging and T2*W imaging.
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