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  • Title: Cutaneous adverse effects of BRAF inhibitors in metastatic malignant melanoma, a prospective study in 20 patients.
    Author: Vanneste L, Wolter P, Van den Oord JJ, Stas M, Garmyn M.
    Journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol; 2015 Jan; 29(1):61-8. PubMed ID: 24661317.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: BRAF inhibitors frequently cause significant cutaneous adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE: To study the timing, prevalence and response to treatment of skin lesions in patients receiving V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitors. METHODS: We prospectively studied the cutaneous side-effects of patients with a BRAF mutant (V600E, V600K, V600R) metastatic malignant melanoma treated with a BRAF inhibitor. We systematically registered prevalence, timing of onset and response to treatment. RESULTS: Twenty patients were treated for 2-52 weeks with a BRAF inhibitor. Eleven patients on vemurafenib (58%) developed cutaneous side-effects and 10 patients (42%) had more than one cutaneous adverse event. Verrucous papillomas were observed in eight patients (42%), after 1-12 weeks. We diagnosed four keratoacanthomas in two patients (11%) after 6-10 weeks and two squamous cell carcinomas in two patients (11%) after 10-16 weeks. Seven patients (37%) developed a hyperkeratotic, folliculocentric eruption after 2-8 weeks, resolving quickly under topical steroids. Four patients (21%) presented a facial erythema, two patients (11%) a seborrhoeic dermatitis-like eczema on the scalp. Three patients (16%) developed cystic lesions after 2-11 weeks. Three patients (16%) presented a hand-foot skin reaction after 4-6 weeks, which was successfully treated with topical steroids and keratolytics. Hyperkeratosis of the nipples was seen in one patient (5%). We observed phototoxic reactions after UV exposure in five patients (26%) and alopecia in two patients (11%) after 8-10 weeks. One patient on dabrafenib developed curly hairs (24 weeks), keratotic papules (1 and 36 weeks), a keratoacanthoma (4 weeks) and a hand-foot skin reaction (31 weeks). CONCLUSION: Multiple cutaneous toxicities were observed in patients under BRAF inhibitors, mostly well controlled with adequate treatment. We recommend a multidisciplinary approach with regular assessments of the skin by a dermatologist. This allows early identification and adequate treatment to avoid premature discontinuation of a life-prolonging therapy.
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