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  • Title: Substance P and [leucine]enkephalin release in guinea pig ileum during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal.
    Author: Wang FS, Tsou K.
    Journal: J Pharmacol Exp Ther; 1989 Apr; 249(1):329-32. PubMed ID: 2468764.
    Abstract:
    This study describes the first direct demonstration that naloxone evokes the release of both substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and [Leu]enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (LELI) form opiate tolerant/dependent guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP). The basal release of SPLI was 0.5 pg/mg of tissue per 2 min and LELI was 60 fg/mg of tissue per 2 min. Naloxone at 1 microM concentration evoked both SPLI and LELI release from in vitro as well as rapid in vivo opiate tolerant/dependent LMMP. The magnitudes were nearly double the basal release. In opiate-naive LMMP, naloxone also evoked a significant LELI release suggesting that the enkephalinergic neurons in the LMMP are under a tonic endogenous opioid inhibitory control.
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