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  • Title: Preparation of NiFe₂O₄/graphene nanocomposite and its application as a modifier for the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of tramadol and acetaminophen.
    Author: Afkhami A, Khoshsafar H, Bagheri H, Madrakian T.
    Journal: Anal Chim Acta; 2014 Jun 11; 831():50-9. PubMed ID: 24861971.
    Abstract:
    An effective electrochemical sensor for the rapid and simultaneous determination of tramadol and acetaminophen based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with NiFe2O4/graphene nanoparticles was developed. The structures of the synthesized NiFe2O4/graphene nanocomposite and the electrode composition were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The peak currents of square wave voltammetry of tramadol and acetaminophen increased linearly with their concentration in the range of 0.01-9 μmol L(-1). The detection limit for their determination was found to be 0.0036 and 0.0030 μmol L(-1), respectively. The results show that the combination of graphene and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles causes a dramatic enhancement in the sensitivity of the sensor. The fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity and good stability, and would be valuable for the clinical assay of tramadol and acetaminophen.
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