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  • Title: Longitudinal relations among parents' reactions to children's negative emotions, effortful control, and math achievement in early elementary school.
    Author: Swanson J, Valiente C, Lemery-Chalfant K, Bradley RH, Eggum-Wilkens ND.
    Journal: Child Dev; 2014; 85(5):1932-47. PubMed ID: 24916765.
    Abstract:
    Panel mediation models and fixed-effects models were used to explore longitudinal relations among parents' reactions to children's displays of negative emotions, children's effortful control (EC), and children's math achievement (N = 291; M age in fall of kindergarten = 5.66 years, SD = .39 year) across kindergarten through second grade. Parents reported their reactions and children's EC. Math achievement was assessed with a standardized achievement test. First-grade EC mediated the relation between parents' reactions at kindergarten and second-grade math achievement, beyond stability in constructs across study years. Panel mediation model results suggested that socialization of EC may be one method of promoting math achievement in early school; however, when all omitted time-invariant covariates of EC and math achievement were controlled, first-grade EC no longer predicted second-grade math achievement.
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