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  • Title: Human chorionic gonadotrophin expression and histological findings as predictors of response to radiotherapy in carcinoma of the bladder.
    Author: Martin JE, Jenkins BJ, Zuk RJ, Oliver RT, Baithun SI.
    Journal: Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol; 1989; 414(3):273-7. PubMed ID: 2494806.
    Abstract:
    A retrospective analysis of the prognostic value of pretreatment histology and expression of human chorionic gonadotrophin (B-hCG) was carried out in 100 invasive (T2/T3) transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder treated in a uniform manner. After transurethral resection of the tumour, all patients received a course of radical radiotherapy, with salvage cystectomy for those who failed to respond. Forty-nine of 100 patients responded to radiation; thus 51 did not. Forty-seven of 60 (78%) patients whose tumours contained areas of squamous differentiation and 22 of 29 (76%) of tumours staining positively for HCG failed to respond to radiotherapy. Twenty-two of 23 (96%) patients with tumours that had both these features did not respond to radiotherapy. The other histological features studied (grade of tumour, necrosis, inflammation, vascular invasion, and growth pattern) appeared unrelated to each other or to clinical outcome.
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