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  • Title: Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of human rhinoviruses in South Africa.
    Author: Pretorius MA, Tempia S, Treurnicht FK, Walaza S, Cohen AL, Moyes J, Hellferscee O, Variava E, Dawood H, Chhagan M, Haffjee S, Madhi SA, Cohen C, Venter M.
    Journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses; 2014 Sep; 8(5):567-73. PubMed ID: 24990601.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Rhinoviruses (RV) are a well-established cause of respiratory illness. RV-C has been associated with more severe illness. We aimed to characterize and compare the clinical presentations and disease severity of different RV type circulating in South Africa. METHOD: We performed two analyses of RV-positive specimens identified through surveillance in South Africa across all age groups. First, RV-positive specimens identified through severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance in four provinces was randomly selected from 2009 to 2010 for molecular characterization. Second, RV-positive specimens identified through SARI, influenza-like illness (ILI) and control surveillance at hospitals and outpatient clinics in during 2012-2013 were used to determine the association of RV type with severe disease. Selected specimens were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Among the 599 sequenced specimens from 2009 to 2010 and 2012 to 2013, RV-A (285, 48%) and RV-C (247, 41%) were more commonly identified than RV-B (67, 11%), with no seasonality and a high genetic diversity. A higher prevalence of RV infection was identified in cases with SARI [515/962 (26%); aRRR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.21; 2.2] and ILI [356/962 (28%); aRRR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.37; 2.6] compared with asymptomatic controls (91/962, 22%). There was no difference in disease severity between the different type when comparing SARI, ILI and controls. CONCLUSION: All three type of RV were identified in South Africa, although RV-A and RV-C were more common than RV-B. RV was associated with symptomatic respiratory illness; however, there was no association between RV type and disease severity.
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