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  • Title: [Middle third of the nose and internal valve. Alar wall and external valve].
    Author: Duron JB, Nguyen PS, Jallut Y, Bardot J, Aiach G.
    Journal: Ann Chir Plast Esthet; 2014 Dec; 59(6):508-21. PubMed ID: 25086817.
    Abstract:
    To many surgeons, nasal airway obstruction is synonymous with either septal deviation or inferior turbinate hypertrophy. The role of internal and external nasal valves is often less known by surgeons even if it is crucial in nasal breathing and strongly interrelated with esthetic of the middle third of the nose and alar wall. Therefore, precise examination of the two valves and conservative surgery should help to avoid many functional and esthetic problems.
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