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  • Title: Survival dynamics of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks.
    Author: Slovák M, Kazimírová M, Siebenstichová M, Ustaníková K, Klempa B, Gritsun T, Gould EA, Nuttall PA.
    Journal: Ticks Tick Borne Dis; 2014 Oct; 5(6):962-9. PubMed ID: 25131151.
    Abstract:
    Biotic factors contributing to the survival of tick-borne viruses in nature are poorly understood. Using tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and its principal European vector, Ixodes ricinus, we examined the relative roles of salivary gland infection, co-feeding transmission, and moulting in virus survival. Virus titres in the salivary glands increased after blood-feeding in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This was observed in ticks infected by inoculation but not in ticks infected by the natural route of co-feeding. Amplification of infection prevalence occurred via co-feeding. However, when larvae or nymphs subsequently moulted, the infection prevalence dramatically declined although this was not observed when ticks were infected by inoculation. Trans-stadial survival is a hitherto overlooked parameter that may contribute to the low incidence of TBEV infection in field-collected I. ricinus ticks.
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