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  • Title: Generating the Hopf fibration experimentally in nematic liquid crystals.
    Author: Chen BG, Ackerman PJ, Alexander GP, Kamien RD, Smalyukh II.
    Journal: Phys Rev Lett; 2013 Jun 07; 110(23):237801. PubMed ID: 25167530.
    Abstract:
    The Hopf fibration is an example of a texture: a topologically stable, smooth, global configuration of a field. Here we demonstrate the controlled sculpting of the Hopf fibration in nematic liquid crystals through the control of point defects. We demonstrate how these are related to torons by use of a topological visualization technique derived from the Pontryagin-Thom construction.
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