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  • Title: Anxiety reduction in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization following massage and guided imagery.
    Author: Armstrong K, Dixon S, May S, Patricolo GE.
    Journal: Complement Ther Clin Pract; 2014 Nov; 20(4):334-8. PubMed ID: 25183648.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of massage with or without guided imagery in reducing anxiety prior to cardiac catheterization. METHOD: A total of 55 inpatients and outpatients received massage, guided imagery, or massage with guided imagery prior to cardiac catheterization. Self-reported anxiety levels and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in participants and a matched comparison group. RESULTS: Massage with and without guided imagery resulted in significant reductions in self-reported anxiety (p < 0.0001). Patients receiving intervention had lower diastolic BP and HR vs. the comparison group (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Massage with or without guided imagery immediately reduced self-reported anxiety. This pilot study has certain limitations: a non-randomized, convenience sample and a matched control group that was created retrospectively. However, the study indicates a benefit to providing massage or massage with guided imagery prior to anxiety-inducing medical procedures such as cardiac catheterization.
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