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  • Title: Effects of short-term exposure to the model anti-androgen, flutamide on reproductive function based endpoints in female Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis).
    Author: Bhatia H, Kumar A, Chapman JC, McLaughlin MJ.
    Journal: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf; 2014 Nov; 109():143-51. PubMed ID: 25193785.
    Abstract:
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the responses of female Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) to the model anti-androgen, flutamide in a short-term exposure. Adult female Murray rainbowfish were exposed to nominal (measured) concentrations of 125 (104), 250 (163), 500 (378) and 1000 (769) µg/L of flutamide for seven days in a semi-static set-up. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG), 11-keto testosterone (11-KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations, brain aromatase activity and ovarian histology were assessed following the exposure. No treatment-related mortality was found in rainbowfish and there was no effect of flutamide on the developmental stage of the ovaries. Histological investigation revealed absence of mature oocytes in flutamide-treated fish. In addition, a significant reduction in the sizes of the vitellogenic oocytes was found after treatment with 500 and 1000 µg/L flutamide. The circulating levels of VTG and the activity of aromatase in the brain were also significantly reduced in fish treated with 500 and 1000 µg/L flutamide. Treatment with higher concentrations of flutamide reduced the levels of 11-KT and E2 in plasma. The results from this study demonstrate that a short-term exposure to the model anti-androgen, flutamide can adversely affect the reproductive function based on end-points such as plasma VTG, 11-KT and E2; brain aromatase activity and sizes of the oocytes in female Murray rainbowfish. Further, a positive correlation between these experimental variables suggests hormonal imbalance.
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